Kazuar is a sophisticated, modular P2P botnet attributed to the Russian state-sponsored actor Secret Blizzard. It utilizes a tripartite architecture (Kernel, Bridge, Worker) and a leader election mechanism to minimize external C2 traffic, relying on Mailslots, Window Messaging, and Named Pipes for internal communication and HTTP, WSS, or EWS for external C2.
Modular Malware
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Kazuar: Anatomy of a nation-state botnet