Trail of Bits, funded by the Sovereign Tech Agency, has implemented NIST-standardized post-quantum primitives ML-KEM (FIPS 203) and ML-DSA (FIPS 204) in pyca/cryptography version 48, making them available across the Python ecosystem via pip. The release includes Rust bindings, a cross-binding API, and AWS-LC backend support. Migration to post-quantum cryptography is not a drop-in replacement due to significantly larger key, signature, and ciphertext sizes that require protocol-level changes, and integration into real-world protocols like TLS and SSH is still ongoing.
FIPS 203/204
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Shipping post-quantum cryptography to Python