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Gamaredon, an FSB-linked threat actor, has deployed a highly evasive, fileless stealer dubbed GammaSteel targeting Ukrainian entities. The malware leverages Windows DPAPI to encrypt and stage payloads within the registry, actively monitoring local, network, and USB drives for sensitive documents to exfiltrate via legitimate cloud services and dynamic C2 infrastructure.
Gamaredon, a Russia-nexus threat actor, utilizes a multi-stage VBScript loader framework named GammaLoad to establish persistent access and deploy subsequent payloads like GammaSteel. The infection chain leverages Dead Drop Resolvers on legitimate platforms, stores C2 configurations in the Windows Registry, and uses Alternate Data Streams (ADS) combined with Scheduled Tasks for stealthy execution.
Gamaredon (FSB) is conducting an ongoing cyberespionage campaign against Ukrainian targets using a modular, fileless infection chain. The attack leverages HTML smuggling and archive path traversal (CVE-2025-8088) for initial access, followed by the deployment of GammaWorm, which utilizes NTFS Alternate Data Streams (ADS) and Dead Drop Resolvers (DDRs) on legitimate platforms for persistence, propagation, and C2 communication.
Kamasers is a sophisticated, multi-vector DDoS botnet and loader that leverages resilient Dead Drop Resolver (DDR) mechanisms via legitimate public services to maintain command-and-control communication. It poses significant enterprise risk by turning infected hosts into attack infrastructure and facilitating follow-on payload delivery, including potential ransomware deployment.
The GlassWorm malware campaign has evolved to deploy 'sleeper' extensions on Open VSX that are subsequently weaponized to download malicious VSIX payloads hosted on GitHub. The malware employs sophisticated evasion techniques, including Russian geofencing, source-to-compiled code mismatches, and utilizing the Solana blockchain as a dead-drop resolver for command and control, ultimately leading to arbitrary Node.js code execution across multiple developer IDEs.
A suspected China-nexus threat actor tracked as CL-STA-1087 has been conducting a persistent espionage campaign against Southeast Asian military targets since 2020. The attackers utilize custom malware, including the AppleChris and MemFun backdoors, leveraging Dead Drop Resolvers (DDR) like Pastebin and Dropbox for C2 resolution alongside advanced evasion techniques like process hollowing and DLL hijacking.
